Estrogen

Definition

Estrogen is a group of steroid hormones that play a crucial role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics. It also influences various physiological processes, including the functioning of the urogenital tract.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Estrogen helps maintain the vaginal epithelium, promoting a healthy microbiota by supporting Lactobacillus growth.
2. Fluctuations in estrogen levels can influence susceptibility to urogenital infections.
3. Postmenopausal women experience decreased estrogen levels, which can lead to changes in the vaginal microbiota and increased risk of infections.
4. Estrogen has anti-inflammatory properties that help protect against certain urogenital infections.
5. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can be used to normalize estrogen levels and improve urogenital health in postmenopausal women.

Review Questions

• How does estrogen influence the normal microbiota of the vaginal epithelium?
• What impact do fluctuations in estrogen levels have on susceptibility to urogenital infections?
• Why are postmenopausal women at higher risk for urogenital infections?

Related terms

Lactobacillus:

A genus of bacteria that is a major component of normal vaginal microbiota and helps maintain an acidic environment.

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): A treatment used to relieve symptoms of menopause by replenishing hormone levels, including estrogen.

Vaginal Epithelium: The layer of cells lining the vagina, which is influenced by estrogen to maintain its health and integrity.