Epiglottis

Definition

The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped flap of cartilage located at the root of the tongue that covers the windpipe during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway. It plays a crucial role in directing food and liquids into the esophagus.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The epiglottis is part of the upper respiratory tract and functions primarily as a switch between the trachea and esophagus.
2. Infections or inflammation of the epiglottis, known as epiglottitis, can cause severe respiratory obstruction.
3. Epiglottitis is often caused by bacterial infections, particularly Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib).
4. Symptoms of epiglottitis include difficulty breathing, drooling, and a high-pitched sound when breathing (stridor).
5. Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type B has significantly reduced the incidence of epiglottitis.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of the epiglottis?
• Which bacterium is most commonly associated with causing epiglottitis?
• What are common symptoms indicating an infection or inflammation of the epiglottis?

Related terms

Trachea:

A large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs.

Esophagus:

A muscular tube connecting the throat (pharynx) with the stomach.

Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib): A type of bacteria responsible for various severe infections including meningitis and epiglottitis.