Encephalitis

Definition

Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain, typically caused by viral infections. It can result in symptoms ranging from mild flu-like signs to severe neurological damage.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Common causes include herpes simplex virus, West Nile virus, and enteroviruses.
2. Symptoms often include fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and sometimes loss of consciousness.
3. Diagnosis usually involves neuroimaging (MRI or CT scans), lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and blood tests for viral antibodies.
4. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antiviral medications and supportive care to manage symptoms.
5. Complications can range from mild cognitive impairment to severe neurological sequelae like memory loss or speech difficulties.

Review Questions

• What are the common viral causes of encephalitis?
• List three potential symptoms of encephalitis.
• What diagnostic methods are typically used to confirm encephalitis?

Related terms

Meningitis:

Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF):

The clear fluid found in the brain and spinal cord that is sampled during a lumbar puncture.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): A common virus that can cause cold sores but also potentially lead to encephalitis.