key term - Diploid

Definition

A diploid cell contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. It is the standard chromosome number in most eukaryotic organisms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Humans have 46 chromosomes in diploid cells, arranged in 23 pairs.
2. Diploid cells undergo mitosis to produce genetically identical daughter cells.
3. In sexual reproduction, diploid organisms produce haploid gametes through meiosis.
4. The diploid state allows for genetic diversity through recombination during meiosis.
5. Somatic cells are typically diploid, whereas gametes are haploid.

Review Questions

Related terms

Haploid:

A cell that contains only one set of chromosomes.

Mitosis:

A process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Meiosis:

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four haploid cells.