Haploid

Definition

A haploid cell contains a single set of unpaired chromosomes, totaling half the number found in diploid cells. This is the typical chromosomal configuration of gametes (sperm and egg cells) in sexually reproducing organisms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Haploid cells have one complete set of chromosomes (n), whereas diploid cells have two sets (2n).
2. In humans, the haploid number is 23, which includes 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.
3. Meiosis is the process that produces haploid gametes from diploid precursor cells.
4. Fertilization restores the diploid state by combining two haploid gametes to form a zygote.
5. Haploidy is crucial for maintaining genetic diversity through sexual reproduction.

Review Questions

• What is the difference in chromosome number between haploid and diploid cells?
• How many chromosomes are present in a human haploid cell?
• Why is meiosis necessary for producing haploid cells?

Related terms

Diploid: A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes.

Meiosis:

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells.

Zygote: The diploid cell formed by the fusion of two haploid gametes during fertilization.