Dendrites

Definition

Dendrites are branched extensions of neurons that receive and integrate synaptic signals from other neurons. They play a crucial role in the transmission of electrical impulses within the nervous system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Dendrites contain receptors for neurotransmitters, which allow them to receive chemical signals from other neurons.
2. The structure of dendrites includes spines that increase their surface area for synaptic connections.
3. Dendrites are integral to the process of synaptic plasticity, which underlies learning and memory.
4. Damage to dendrites can impair signal transmission and is often a factor in neurodegenerative diseases.
5. Infections targeting the nervous system can lead to inflammation and damage of dendritic structures, affecting neuronal communication.

Review Questions

• What role do dendrites play in neuronal communication?
• How do dendritic spines contribute to neural function?
• Why is damage to dendrites significant in the context of neurodegenerative diseases?

Related terms

Neuron:

A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.

Synapse:

The junction between two neurons where information is transmitted from one neuron to another.

Axon: The long thread-like part of a neuron along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells.