Demyelination

Definition

Demyelination is the process of losing the myelin sheath, a protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers. This can lead to various neurological impairments due to disrupted signal transmission.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Demyelination is commonly associated with autoimmune disorders like Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
2. Loss of myelin impedes the efficient transmission of electrical signals along neurons.
3. Demyelination can result in symptoms such as muscle weakness, coordination issues, and sensory disturbances.
4. In the immune system context, demyelination often involves an inappropriate immune response attacking the myelin sheath.
5. Diagnostic techniques for detecting demyelination include MRI scans and lumbar punctures to analyze cerebrospinal fluid.

Review Questions

• What are some common symptoms associated with demyelination?
• How does demyelination affect nerve signal transmission?
• Name an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by demyelination.

Related terms

Multiple Sclerosis:

A chronic autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the central nervous system, leading to demyelination.

Myelin Sheath: The insulating layer around nerve fibers that facilitates rapid signal transmission.

Autoimmune Disorder: A condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells and tissues.