Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Definition

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is an immune response where effector cells recognize and kill target cells that are coated with antibodies. It involves the interaction between the Fc region of antibodies and Fc receptors on effector cells, leading to the destruction of the target cell.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ADCC involves natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and neutrophils as primary effector cells.
2. The process requires target cells to be opsonized by IgG antibodies.
3. Fcγ receptors on effector cells bind to the Fc region of antibodies attached to the target cell.
4. ADCC plays a significant role in defense against viral infections and tumor cells.
5. It is a mechanism also exploited in therapeutic antibody treatments for certain cancers.

Review Questions

• Which types of immune cells are primarily involved in ADCC?
• What is required for an effector cell to recognize and kill a target cell via ADCC?
• How does ADCC contribute to immunity against viral infections?

Related terms

opsonization:

The process by which pathogens are marked for ingestion and elimination by phagocytes.

natural killer (NK) cell: A type of lymphocyte that plays a role in the innate immune system by targeting virally infected or cancerous cells.

Fc receptor: A protein found on the surface of certain immune cells that binds to the Fc region of antibodies, facilitating various immune responses.