Opsonization

Definition

Opsonization is the process by which pathogens are marked for ingestion and destruction by phagocytes. This marking involves the coating of antigens with opsonins, such as antibodies or complement proteins.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Opsonization enhances the efficiency of phagocytosis by marking pathogens for destruction.
2. Major opsonins include antibodies (IgG) and complement proteins (C3b).
3. Phagocytes have receptors that specifically bind to opsonins, facilitating pathogen uptake.
4. Opsonization plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity.
5. Deficiencies in opsonization can lead to increased susceptibility to infections.

Review Questions

• What are the primary molecules involved in opsonization?
• How does opsonization improve the efficiency of phagocytosis?
• Why is opsonization important for both innate and adaptive immune responses?

Related terms

Phagocytosis:

The process by which cells, particularly immune cells like macrophages, engulf and digest pathogens or particles.

Complement System:

A group of proteins in the blood that enhance immune responses, including opsonization.

Antibody:

A protein produced by B cells that binds specifically to antigens and assists in their neutralization or destruction.