Concerto grosso

Definition

A concerto grosso is a Baroque musical form that features a small group of solo instruments, known as the concertino, contrasted against a larger ensemble called the ripieno. This structure allows for dynamic interplay between the two groups, showcasing both individual virtuosity and collective orchestral strength. The form became a hallmark of Baroque instrumental music, reflecting the era's emphasis on contrast and expressiveness.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The concerto grosso gained popularity in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, with composers like Corelli and Vivaldi making significant contributions to the form.
2. Typically structured in three movements, a concerto grosso alternates between fast and slow tempos, allowing for both lyrical expression and lively rhythms.
3. The interplay between the concertino and ripieno creates a dialogue that enhances the dramatic effect of the music, illustrating the Baroque fascination with contrast.
4. Composers often included ritornello sections, which are recurring themes played by the ripieno, providing cohesion to the piece while allowing soloists to shine.
5. The transition from concerto grosso to the solo concerto marked a significant shift in musical style during the late Baroque period, leading to greater emphasis on individual performers.

Review Questions

• How does the structure of a concerto grosso enhance its musical expressiveness compared to other forms?
  • The structure of a concerto grosso enhances its musical expressiveness through the contrast between the small group of solo instruments, or concertino, and the larger ensemble known as the ripieno. This dynamic interplay allows for varied textures and dialogues within the music, emphasizing both individual skill and collective harmony. Additionally, alternating sections featuring both groups create a sense of tension and release that captivates listeners.
• What role did key composers play in the development and popularity of the concerto grosso during the Baroque period?
  • Key composers like Arcangelo Corelli and Antonio Vivaldi were instrumental in developing and popularizing the concerto grosso during the Baroque period. Corelli's works established foundational techniques that highlighted the interplay between soloists and orchestra, while Vivaldi expanded on these ideas with vibrant melodies and innovative structures. Their contributions helped solidify the concerto grosso as a significant form in Baroque instrumental music, influencing future generations of composers.
• Evaluate how the evolution from concerto grosso to solo concerto reflects broader changes in musical style and societal context during the late Baroque period.
  • The evolution from concerto grosso to solo concerto reflects broader changes in musical style that emphasized individual expression over collective sound during the late Baroque period. As audiences began to favor virtuosic performances by soloists, composers shifted their focus towards creating works that showcased individual talent. This transition also mirrored societal changes, where personal identity and individuality were becoming more valued in art and culture. Consequently, this shift not only transformed compositional practices but also redefined the role of musicians within society.

Related terms

Concerto: A musical composition typically consisting of three movements, where a solo instrument is accompanied by an orchestra, differing from the concerto grosso's use of multiple soloists.

Ripieno: The larger group of instruments in a concerto grosso that supports the concertino, providing harmonic and textural richness to the overall sound.

Fugue:

A complex musical form characterized by interwoven melodies and counterpoint, often found in Baroque compositions, and sometimes incorporated into concerto grosso movements.