Concerto Grosso

Definition

The concerto grosso is a musical form popular in the Baroque period, characterized by the contrast between a small group of solo instruments (the concertino) and the full orchestra (the ripieno). This form allows for intricate interplay between the soloists and the ensemble, showcasing the virtuosity of individual performers while also highlighting the richness of the orchestral texture. The concerto grosso set the stage for later developments in concerto form, paving the way for classical composers like Mozart to innovate with wind concertos.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The concerto grosso typically consists of three movements: fast, slow, and fast, often employing a lively ritornello form in the fast movements.
2. Famous composers such as Corelli and Handel were instrumental in popularizing the concerto grosso, creating works that remain influential.
3. In the context of Mozart's contributions, he adapted the concerto form to include more wind instruments, allowing for new textures and colors in his compositions.
4. The interplay between the concertino and ripieno in a concerto grosso allows for dramatic contrasts and dialogue, making it an engaging listening experience.
5. While the concerto grosso waned in popularity towards the end of the Baroque period, its structure influenced later concerto forms, including those written by Mozart.

Review Questions

• How does the structure of a concerto grosso facilitate interaction between solo instruments and the orchestra?
  • The structure of a concerto grosso is designed to create a dynamic interaction between the small group of solo instruments, known as the concertino, and the larger orchestral ensemble called the ripieno. The concertino showcases virtuosic passages that highlight individual players' skills, while the ripieno provides a rich harmonic foundation. This back-and-forth exchange creates an engaging dialogue that enhances both sections' musical elements.
• What role did composers like Corelli and Handel play in developing the concerto grosso form, and how did their work influence later composers?
  • Composers like Corelli and Handel were pivotal in shaping the concerto grosso form during the Baroque period. They developed its characteristics and formal structure, creating influential works that showcased both soloists and orchestra. Their innovations not only popularized this musical style but also laid groundwork for later composers, including Mozart, who would adapt these elements into their own concertos, expanding on texture and instrumentation.
• Evaluate how Mozart's adaptations of the concerto form reflect his contributions to wind concertos compared to traditional concerto grosso compositions.
  • Mozart's adaptations of the concerto form mark a significant evolution from traditional concerto grosso compositions. He incorporated a wider variety of wind instruments into his concertos, enriching the orchestral palette with new colors and textures. Unlike the strict dialogue found in a concerto grosso, Mozart's wind concertos often featured more lyrical melodies and complex harmonies, demonstrating his unique ability to blend soloist virtuosity with orchestral richness. This approach not only showcased individual talent but also transformed the concerto into a more expressive and intricate art form.

Related terms

Concertino: The small group of solo instruments in a concerto grosso that contrasts with the larger ensemble.

Ripieno: The full orchestra in a concerto grosso, providing harmonic support and contrast to the concertino.

Baroque Period:

A style of European classical music from approximately 1600 to 1750, known for its expressive melodies and ornate musical ornamentation.