key term - Total depravity

Definition

Total depravity is a theological concept in Christianity that asserts that as a result of original sin, every person is inherently sinful and incapable of choosing to follow God without divine intervention. This doctrine emphasizes that sin affects every aspect of a person—mind, will, emotions, and body—rendering them unable to achieve righteousness on their own. The implications of this belief are profound, influencing doctrines of salvation, grace, and human nature within various Christian traditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Total depravity does not mean that people are as evil as possible, but rather that every part of their being is affected by sin.
2. This concept is foundational for many Reformed traditions, emphasizing the need for God's grace for salvation.
3. It leads to the understanding that faith itself is a gift from God, not a result of human effort.
4. Total depravity also underscores the necessity of Christ's atonement; since humans cannot save themselves, they need a savior.
5. Different Protestant denominations interpret the extent and implications of total depravity in varying ways, shaping their views on free will and salvation.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of total depravity influence the understanding of salvation in Christian theology?
  • Total depravity emphasizes that humans are incapable of achieving righteousness on their own due to the pervasive effects of sin. This belief necessitates the idea that salvation must come from God’s grace alone, highlighting the importance of Christ’s sacrificial atonement. Without acknowledging total depravity, one might misunderstand the depth of human need for divine intervention in the salvation process.
• In what ways do different Protestant traditions interpret total depravity, and how does this affect their theological beliefs about free will?
  • Different Protestant traditions interpret total depravity in diverse ways. For instance, Reformed traditions assert that total depravity means humans cannot choose God without His grace, leading to the belief in predestination. In contrast, Arminianism allows for a degree of human free will in responding to God's grace. These interpretations shape their overall understanding of how individuals relate to God and the nature of faith.
• Evaluate the implications of total depravity for moral responsibility and ethical behavior in Christian life.
  • The doctrine of total depravity raises important questions about moral responsibility and ethical behavior within Christianity. It suggests that while humans are capable of making moral choices, these choices are inherently influenced by their sinful nature. As a result, Christians believe that they must rely on God's grace and guidance through the Holy Spirit to live ethically. This reliance affects how believers understand accountability, repentance, and transformation in their spiritual journeys.

Related terms

original sin: The doctrine that humanity is born with a sinful nature due to Adam and Eve's disobedience in the Garden of Eden.

grace: Unmerited favor from God towards humanity, enabling salvation and good works that individuals cannot achieve on their own.

Pelagianism:

A theological belief that denies original sin and asserts that humans can choose good without divine assistance.