Overtones

Definition

Overtones are higher frequency sound waves that occur simultaneously with the fundamental frequency of a vibrating object. They contribute to the timbre or quality of the sound produced.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Overtones are integral to the harmonic series and can be mathematically related to the fundamental frequency.
2. The presence and intensity of overtones determine the unique sound characteristics of different musical instruments.
3. In air columns, overtones are produced at specific frequencies that depend on whether the column is open or closed at one or both ends.
4. The first overtone is also known as the second harmonic because it occurs at twice the frequency of the fundamental tone.
5. Human perception of pitch is influenced by both the fundamental frequency and its overtones.

Review Questions

• What role do overtones play in determining the timbre of a musical instrument?
• How do overtones relate mathematically to the fundamental frequency in a harmonic series?
• Explain how overtones are produced in an open versus closed air column.

Related terms

Fundamental Frequency:

The lowest frequency produced by any vibrating object, which determines its basic pitch.

Harmonic Series: A sequence of frequencies that includes a fundamental tone and its integer multiples, known as harmonics.

Resonance:

The phenomenon where an object vibrates with maximum amplitude at specific frequencies called resonant frequencies.