Fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency at which a system oscillates. It is also known as the first harmonic and serves as the basis for higher harmonics.
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1. The fundamental frequency is determined by the physical properties of the oscillator, such as length, tension, and mass density.
2. In a standing wave pattern, the fundamental frequency corresponds to the simplest mode of vibration.
3. The relationship between wavelength ($\lambda$) and fundamental frequency ($f_0$) can be expressed as $v = f_0 \lambda$, where $v$ is the wave speed.
4. For a string fixed at both ends, the fundamental frequency can be calculated using $f_0 = \frac{1}{2L} \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}}$, where $L$ is the length of the string, $T$ is the tension, and $\mu$ is the linear mass density.
5. Fundamental frequency plays a crucial role in musical instruments and acoustic engineering for determining pitch and sound quality.
Review Questions
What factors determine the fundamental frequency of an oscillating system?
How does changing the tension of a string affect its fundamental frequency?
In what way does fundamental frequency relate to higher harmonics in a standing wave?