Nuclear reactions

Definition

Nuclear reactions are processes in which atomic nuclei are altered through fission, fusion, or radioactive decay, resulting in the transformation of elements and the release or absorption of energy. These reactions are governed by the principles of nuclear physics and involve changes in an atom's nucleus.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nuclear reactions can be classified into two main types: fission (splitting of a heavy nucleus) and fusion (combining of light nuclei).
2. In a balanced nuclear equation, both mass numbers and atomic numbers must be conserved on both sides of the reaction.
3. Radioactive decay is a type of nuclear reaction where an unstable nucleus emits radiation to form a more stable nucleus.
4. The binding energy per nucleon can indicate the stability of a nucleus; higher binding energy per nucleon generally means greater stability.
5. Nuclear reactions often involve the emission or absorption of particles such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays.

Review Questions

• What are the primary differences between fission and fusion reactions?
• How do you balance a nuclear equation?
• What types of particles may be emitted during radioactive decay?

Related terms

Fission:

A nuclear reaction in which a heavy nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the release of energy.

Fusion:

A nuclear reaction where light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.

Radioactive Decay:

The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation.