Differential rotation is the phenomenon where different parts of a rotating object, like a star or planet, rotate at different speeds. In stars like the Sun, this means the equator rotates faster than the poles.
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The Sun's equator completes one rotation approximately every 25 days, while its poles take about 35 days.
Differential rotation in the Sun plays a critical role in generating its magnetic field through the solar dynamo process.
This rotational difference is responsible for stretching and twisting magnetic field lines, contributing to sunspot formation and solar activity.
Differential rotation is observed not only in stars but also in gaseous planets like Jupiter and Saturn.
The concept helps explain the periodicity and variation seen in the solar cycle, including phenomena such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections.