Epicureanism

Definition

Epicureanism is a philosophical system founded by Epicurus in the 4th century BCE that teaches that the pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain are the primary components of a good life. This philosophy emphasizes the importance of personal happiness, friendship, and intellectual fulfillment, suggesting that one should seek moderate pleasures to attain a tranquil and serene existence, while also highlighting the limits of desire and the role of reason in achieving happiness.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Epicurus believed that fear of the gods and death were major sources of human anxiety, which could be alleviated through philosophical understanding.
2. Epicureanism promotes simple living and moderation, arguing that excessive desires lead to more pain than pleasure.
3. The Garden was Epicurus' school where he taught his followers about friendship, ethics, and how to achieve happiness through knowledge.
4. Epicurus distinguished between necessary desires (for food, shelter) and unnecessary desires (for wealth, fame), advocating for the former.
5. Epicureanism influenced later philosophical movements, including Enlightenment thinkers who embraced reason and empirical knowledge.

Review Questions

• How does Epicureanism reconcile the ideas of pleasure and moderation in the pursuit of happiness?
  • Epicureanism asserts that true happiness comes from pursuing moderate pleasures rather than indulging in excessive desires. By advocating for a balanced approach to pleasure, Epicurus suggests that one can avoid the pain that often accompanies overindulgence. This philosophy emphasizes that personal happiness can be achieved through simple living, friendship, and intellectual fulfillment, rather than seeking extreme or fleeting pleasures.
• In what ways does Epicureanism address the fear of death and the gods, and how does this perspective contribute to achieving ataraxia?
  • Epicureanism teaches that understanding the nature of death and dismissing the fear of divine retribution can lead to a more tranquil life. By arguing that death is merely the cessation of sensation, Epicurus alleviates fears associated with dying. This philosophical approach allows individuals to focus on enjoying their current lives without the anxiety caused by these fears, ultimately contributing to ataraxia, or a state of serene calmness.
• Evaluate the impact of Epicureanism on later philosophical thought and its relevance to contemporary discussions about happiness and well-being.
  • Epicureanism has significantly influenced various philosophical movements throughout history, particularly during the Enlightenment when thinkers began advocating for reason and empirical knowledge as pathways to happiness. Its emphasis on moderation and personal fulfillment resonates with contemporary discussions about well-being in psychology and self-help fields. The ideas surrounding minimizing unnecessary desires while fostering meaningful relationships continue to inform modern perspectives on achieving a fulfilling life, highlighting its lasting relevance.

Related terms

Hedonism: A philosophy that posits pleasure as the highest good and primary aim of human life, often associated with indulgence in sensual pleasures.

Ataraxia: A state of serene calmness and emotional stability, which is considered an essential goal in Epicurean philosophy.

Materialism: The belief that physical matter is the only reality, often related to Epicureanism's view on the nature of the universe and human existence.