Expedition

Definition

An expedition is a journey undertaken for a specific purpose, often involving exploration, research, or scientific study. In the context of archaeology, expeditions are essential for uncovering and documenting historical sites, artifacts, and cultures. Such journeys often require planning, resources, and a team of experts to ensure that the findings contribute meaningfully to our understanding of the past.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hiram Bingham led an expedition in 1911 that resulted in the rediscovery of Machu Picchu, an ancient Inca city located in the Andes Mountains of Peru.
2. The expedition was sponsored by Yale University and the National Geographic Society, highlighting the collaboration between academic institutions and exploration initiatives.
3. Bingham's team used various methods, including local guides and traditional surveying techniques, to navigate the rugged terrain and locate the lost city.
4. The findings from Bingham's expedition significantly contributed to the public's interest in Inca civilization and led to further archaeological research in the region.
5. Controversy arose after the expedition due to Bingham taking artifacts from Machu Picchu back to Yale University, sparking debates about cultural heritage and the ethics of archaeological expeditions.

Review Questions

• How did Hiram Bingham's expedition change public perception of Inca civilization?
  • Hiram Bingham's expedition in 1911 played a crucial role in changing public perception of Inca civilization by bringing attention to Machu Picchu as a significant archaeological site. Before this, knowledge of the Incas was limited primarily to scholars. Bingham's findings were widely reported in the media, inspiring interest and admiration for Inca culture, architecture, and achievements. This exposure not only fueled tourism but also spurred further archaeological investigations into the broader Incan empire.
• Discuss the challenges Bingham faced during his expedition to rediscover Machu Picchu and how they were overcome.
  • Bingham faced numerous challenges during his expedition to rediscover Machu Picchu, including navigating difficult terrain, inclement weather, and logistical issues related to transportation and supplies. To overcome these obstacles, he relied on local guides who possessed valuable knowledge of the area. Bingham's team also prepared extensively by gathering necessary equipment and mapping potential routes. This combination of local expertise and thorough planning enabled them to successfully locate the ancient city despite the hardships encountered along the way.
• Evaluate the ethical implications of Bingham's actions during his expedition, particularly regarding artifact collection from Machu Picchu.
  • The ethical implications of Bingham's actions during his expedition raise significant questions about cultural heritage and ownership. By taking numerous artifacts from Machu Picchu back to Yale University without proper consent from Peruvian authorities or consideration for their cultural significance, Bingham sparked a debate that continues today about the rights of indigenous peoples versus archaeological research. This situation highlights broader issues in archaeology concerning responsible practices, respect for local cultures, and the need for collaboration with source communities when conducting expeditions.

Related terms

Archaeological Survey: A systematic examination of a geographical area to identify and record archaeological sites and artifacts.

Fieldwork: Hands-on work conducted in the field as opposed to laboratory or theoretical studies, crucial for collecting data and evidence in archaeology.

Excavation:

The process of systematically uncovering archaeological sites by removing soil and debris to reveal artifacts and features buried underground.