Angkor Wat

Definition

Angkor Wat is a massive temple complex located in Cambodia, originally constructed in the early 12th century as a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Vishnu. It later transformed into a Buddhist temple and is now considered a symbol of Cambodia's cultural heritage, showcasing the ingenuity and artistry of Khmer architecture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Angkor Wat is the largest religious monument in the world, covering an area of over 162 hectares (402 acres).
2. The temple complex is renowned for its intricate bas-reliefs and carvings that depict various historical and mythological scenes, showcasing the artistic skill of the Khmer builders.
3. Angkor Wat was designed to represent an earthly model of the cosmic world, reflecting Hindu cosmology through its layout and architecture.
4. The temple was abandoned in the 15th century as the Khmer Empire declined but was rediscovered in the 19th century by Western explorers, leading to its restoration efforts.
5. Angkor Wat remains a significant pilgrimage site for Buddhists today and is a UNESCO World Heritage site, attracting millions of tourists each year.

Review Questions

• What architectural features of Angkor Wat reflect its original purpose as a Hindu temple?
  • Angkor Wat's architectural features, such as its central tower representing Mount Meru—the axis of the universe in Hindu cosmology—and its extensive bas-reliefs depicting scenes from Hindu mythology, highlight its original purpose as a Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu. The layout and orientation towards the west also suggest it was designed with specific religious significance. These features demonstrate how Angkor Wat embodies key elements of Hindu belief systems through its design and decoration.
• How did the transformation of Angkor Wat from a Hindu to a Buddhist site reflect broader cultural changes in Southeast Asia?
  • The transformation of Angkor Wat from a Hindu temple to a Buddhist site illustrates significant cultural shifts in Southeast Asia during the decline of the Khmer Empire. As Buddhism became more prominent in the region, many Hindu temples were repurposed or adapted for Buddhist worship. This change signifies not just a shift in religious practices but also reflects broader social and political changes within Cambodian society and highlights how cultures evolve and adapt over time.
• Evaluate the significance of Angkor Wat in terms of its historical impact on Southeast Asian identity and heritage.
  • Angkor Wat holds immense historical significance as it symbolizes the rich cultural identity and heritage of Cambodia and Southeast Asia. Its construction during the Khmer Empire showcases the advanced architectural skills and artistic achievements of its time. Today, Angkor Wat serves as a national emblem for Cambodia, representing resilience and cultural pride despite historical challenges. Additionally, its status as a UNESCO World Heritage site highlights its importance on a global scale, drawing attention to preservation efforts and fostering international appreciation for Southeast Asian history.

Related terms

Khmer Empire: A powerful empire that existed from the 9th to the 15th centuries in Southeast Asia, known for its advancements in architecture, art, and culture, with Angkor Wat as one of its most significant achievements.

Vishnu: A major deity in Hinduism, revered as the preserver and protector of the universe, to whom Angkor Wat was initially dedicated before becoming a Buddhist site.

Buddhism: A spiritual tradition that focuses on personal spiritual development and the attainment of a deep insight into the true nature of life, which influenced Angkor Wat's later transformation from a Hindu temple.