Angkor Wat

Definition

Angkor Wat is a massive temple complex located in Cambodia, originally built in the early 12th century as a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Vishnu. It is the largest religious monument in the world and stands as a symbol of Cambodia’s cultural heritage and architectural ingenuity, showcasing the heights of Khmer civilization.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Angkor Wat was initially constructed as a Hindu temple but gradually transformed into a Buddhist temple complex over the centuries.
2. The architecture of Angkor Wat reflects a unique blend of Indian influences with indigenous Khmer styles, characterized by its intricate carvings and vast scale.
3. The temple covers an area of over 162 hectares (about 402 acres), making it one of the largest religious monuments in the world.
4. The layout of Angkor Wat is designed to represent an earthly model of the cosmic world, with the central tower symbolizing Mount Meru, the center of the universe in Hindu and Buddhist cosmology.
5. Angkor Wat is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its historical significance and its role in attracting tourists to Cambodia.

Review Questions

• How does Angkor Wat reflect the cultural and religious shifts within Cambodia from Hinduism to Buddhism?
  • Angkor Wat's original construction as a Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu showcases the influence of Hinduism during the Khmer Empire. Over time, as Buddhism became more prominent in Cambodia, Angkor Wat transitioned into a Buddhist temple complex. This shift is evident in later sculptures and artwork found within the site that depict Buddhist themes, reflecting how Angkor Wat serves as a testament to the evolving spiritual landscape of Cambodia.
• Discuss the architectural features of Angkor Wat and their significance within Khmer culture.
  • Angkor Wat features distinctive architectural elements such as its massive scale, intricate bas-reliefs, and sandstone construction. The temple's design integrates symbolism with practical functionality, representing Mount Meru and mirroring the cosmic structure in Hindu beliefs. These architectural features are significant as they highlight Khmer engineering skills and serve as cultural symbols reflecting the empire's religious devotion and artistic achievements.
• Evaluate the impact of Angkor Wat's designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site on Cambodia’s cultural identity and tourism economy.
  • The designation of Angkor Wat as a UNESCO World Heritage Site has greatly impacted Cambodia’s cultural identity by affirming its historical significance and architectural marvels on a global scale. This recognition has led to an increase in tourism, providing economic benefits to local communities through job creation and infrastructure development. However, it also raises challenges related to preservation efforts against tourism pressures, making it essential for Cambodia to balance conservation with economic growth while maintaining its rich heritage.

Related terms

Khmer Empire: A powerful Southeast Asian empire that thrived from the 9th to the 15th century, known for its advancements in art, architecture, and irrigation.

Vishnu: One of the principal deities of Hinduism, revered as the protector and preserver of the universe.

Barays: Large water reservoirs constructed by the Khmer Empire for irrigation and religious purposes, often surrounding temple complexes like Angkor Wat.