Entasis

Definition

Entasis refers to the slight curvature or bulge in the shaft of a column, particularly in classical architecture. This subtle design feature was intended to create an optical illusion that makes columns appear straight when viewed from a distance, correcting for the visual distortion that occurs due to perspective. Entasis is a crucial element in classical Greek architecture and sculpture, showcasing the Greeks' understanding of aesthetics and their desire for perfection in form.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Entasis is primarily seen in the columns of temples, such as the Parthenon, where its application enhances the building's aesthetic appeal.
2. The degree of curvature in entasis is very subtle, typically only a few inches, yet it has a significant impact on the perception of the column's strength and stability.
3. Ancient Greek architects utilized entasis to counteract the visual effect known as 'optical illusion,' where straight lines appear to bow when viewed from certain angles.
4. Entasis reflects the Greeks' advanced understanding of geometry and their commitment to achieving ideal beauty in their architectural works.
5. The use of entasis became less common in later architectural styles, but its influence can still be observed in various architectural designs throughout history.

Review Questions

• How does entasis contribute to the overall aesthetic appeal of classical Greek architecture?
  • Entasis enhances the visual harmony and beauty of classical Greek architecture by creating an illusion that columns are perfectly straight. This subtle curvature corrects for optical distortions that occur when viewing structures from a distance. By incorporating entasis, architects achieved a balance between structural integrity and aesthetic perfection, showcasing their skill and understanding of visual perception.
• Compare and contrast the use of entasis in the Doric Order versus the Ionic Order of ancient Greek architecture.
  • Both the Doric and Ionic Orders utilize entasis to enhance their columns' visual appeal; however, they differ in style. The Doric Order features sturdier, more robust columns with a simpler design, while the Ionic Order showcases slender columns adorned with decorative elements like volutes. While entasis serves a similar function in both orders, it is particularly pronounced in the more delicate Ionic columns, emphasizing their elegance.
• Evaluate the significance of entasis within the broader context of classical Greek architectural principles and how it reflects their cultural values.
  • Entasis is significant as it embodies the classical Greek pursuit of beauty through mathematical precision and optical correction. This design choice illustrates how Greek architects sought not just functional structures but also an idealized form that resonates with their cultural values of harmony and proportion. By mastering such techniques, they established architectural standards that influenced future generations, reflecting their commitment to beauty and perfection in both art and life.

Related terms

Doric Order:

The Doric Order is one of the classical orders of ancient Greek architecture characterized by its sturdy columns with fluted shafts and simple, rounded capitals.

Ionic Order: The Ionic Order is another classical architectural style distinguished by its more slender columns, elaborate capitals with volutes, and a greater emphasis on decorative elements.

Proportions: Proportions refer to the harmonious relationships between different parts of a structure or sculpture, essential in classical art to achieve balance and beauty.