Entasis

Definition

Entasis is a subtle curvature applied to columns or other vertical elements in architecture, primarily used to correct the optical illusion of concavity that can occur in straight columns. This design technique enhances the aesthetic appeal of buildings and reflects the Greeks' deep understanding of geometry and perception in their architectural innovations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Entasis was primarily used in the Doric order of columns, such as those seen in the Parthenon, to achieve a more pleasing visual effect.
2. The degree of entasis is subtle, typically resulting in a slight swelling near the center of the column, creating a sense of strength and dynamism.
3. This architectural innovation reflects the Greeks' sophisticated understanding of human perception, as they knew that perfectly straight lines could appear distorted.
4. The use of entasis contributes to the overall harmony and proportion in classical architecture, enhancing the beauty of temples and public buildings.
5. Modern architects and designers have acknowledged and adopted entasis, recognizing its importance in creating visually appealing structures.

Review Questions

• How does entasis enhance the visual perception of Greek columns compared to perfectly straight columns?
  • Entasis improves visual perception by creating a slight curvature in columns, which counters the optical illusion of concavity that occurs with straight lines. This subtle bulge near the middle of the column helps to convey strength and stability while enhancing overall aesthetics. By incorporating this technique, Greek architects demonstrated their deep understanding of geometry and how human perception can be influenced by design.
• Discuss the role of entasis in the architectural orders developed by the Greeks, particularly focusing on its application in the Doric and Ionic styles.
  • Entasis played a significant role in both the Doric and Ionic architectural orders but is most notably associated with the Doric style. In Doric columns, entasis adds a sense of strength, while Ionic columns benefit from its use by softening their elegance. The careful application of entasis illustrates how Greek architects employed this technique to balance beauty with structural integrity across different architectural styles.
• Evaluate how entasis reflects broader themes of ancient Greek culture and its impact on modern architecture.
  • Entasis exemplifies ancient Greek culture's emphasis on beauty, proportion, and harmony within architecture. This innovative approach not only improved aesthetic appeal but also showcased a sophisticated understanding of human perception. Its influence continues to resonate in modern architecture, where designers still apply similar principles to achieve visual harmony and enhance the experience of space, demonstrating the enduring legacy of Greek architectural innovations.

Related terms

Doric Order:

A style of classical architecture characterized by sturdy columns with a simple capital, known for its strength and simplicity.

Ionic Order: A style of classical architecture distinguished by slender columns and ornate scroll-like capitals, representing elegance and sophistication.

Optical Refinements: Techniques used in ancient architecture to create visual effects that improve the overall appearance of structures, counteracting distortions perceived by the human eye.