Column

Definition

A column is a vertical structural element that supports weight and is often used in architecture to create an aesthetically pleasing design. In Roman art, columns not only provided structural support for buildings like temples and basilicas but also served as decorative features, often adorned with intricate carvings. The use of different styles of columns, such as Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, reflects the values and artistic preferences of Roman society, highlighting the importance of architecture in daily life.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Columns in Roman architecture were used both for practical support and as decorative elements that demonstrated wealth and power.
2. The three main styles of columns—Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian—each have unique characteristics that reflect different cultural influences and artistic choices.
3. Columns were often used in public buildings like temples, forums, and amphitheaters, playing a crucial role in Roman civic life.
4. The Romans perfected the use of concrete, allowing them to build larger structures with columns that could support more weight than earlier materials.
5. Colonnades, which are rows of columns supporting a roof or entablature, were common in Roman architecture and created impressive covered walkways.

Review Questions

• How did the design and style of Roman columns reflect the values of their society?
  • Roman columns were designed not only for structural support but also to convey ideals of strength, beauty, and order. The choice of column style—Doric for simplicity and strength, Ionic for elegance, or Corinthian for opulence—reflected societal values and aspirations. This architectural language showcased the power and sophistication of Rome, demonstrating how public spaces were imbued with meaning through their design.
• In what ways did columns influence the construction of public spaces in ancient Rome?
  • Columns significantly influenced the construction of public spaces by enabling the creation of grand structures like temples, forums, and basilicas. Their ability to support large roofs allowed for expansive interior spaces that could accommodate gatherings and events. The use of colonnades created impressive entrances and walkways, inviting citizens into these communal areas while also providing shelter from the elements.
• Evaluate the impact of Roman innovations in column construction on later architectural developments in Europe.
  • Roman innovations in column construction had a lasting impact on later architectural developments throughout Europe. The use of concrete allowed for more ambitious designs and larger structures than ever before. This paved the way for Renaissance architects to revive classical styles, including the use of columns in their own designs. The principles established by Roman architecture laid the groundwork for neoclassical movements, influencing how buildings were designed for centuries by emphasizing symmetry, proportion, and grandeur.

Related terms

Capital: The topmost part of a column, often elaborately designed, that serves to transition between the column shaft and the structure it supports.

Arch:

A curved structure that spans an opening and is supported by columns or walls, commonly used in Roman architecture to create larger and more stable spaces.

Entablature: The horizontal structure supported by columns, consisting of the architrave, frieze, and cornice, often richly decorated in Roman architecture.