Column

Definition

A column is a structural element that typically serves as a support for a building or other structure, often taking the form of a vertical shaft. In Classical Greek architecture, columns are not only functional but also decorative, embodying specific styles that convey aesthetic values and cultural significance. The design of columns, including their proportions and ornamentation, plays a crucial role in the overall appearance and symbolism of temples like the Parthenon.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Columns in Classical Greek architecture are categorized into three main orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, each with distinct characteristics.
2. The Parthenon employs a combination of these orders, prominently featuring Doric columns as its primary style while incorporating Ionic elements in its interior.
3. The height and proportions of columns were meticulously calculated to create an illusion of perfection, often making them appear taller and more graceful than they actually are.
4. Columns were not just structural; they served as an important artistic expression in Greek temples, often adorned with carvings and reliefs that depicted mythological scenes.
5. The spacing and arrangement of columns also contributed to the overall harmony and balance of temple design, influencing how light and shadow interacted with the building.

Review Questions

• How do the different orders of columns reflect the cultural values of Ancient Greece?
  • The different orders of columns—Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian—reflect the evolving cultural values of Ancient Greece. The Doric order represents strength and simplicity, embodying the austere ideals of early Greek society. In contrast, the Ionic order showcases a more refined aesthetic with its elegant volutes, indicative of a society that began to appreciate art and beauty. The Corinthian order, being the most elaborate, signifies the height of artistic achievement in later periods and reflects a growing emphasis on grandeur and detail in architectural expression.
• In what ways did the design of columns influence the construction and appearance of the Parthenon?
  • The design of columns significantly influenced both the construction and appearance of the Parthenon. Its use of Doric columns provides not only structural support but also imparts a sense of stability and strength to the temple. The careful proportions and spacing of these columns create a visual harmony that enhances the overall aesthetic appeal. Additionally, the incorporation of Ionic elements inside allows for a transition between different styles, showcasing the architectural innovation of the time while ensuring that the temple remains a cohesive work of art.
• Evaluate how the architectural use of columns in Classical Greek temples like the Parthenon has impacted modern architecture.
  • The architectural use of columns in Classical Greek temples, particularly exemplified by structures like the Parthenon, has had a profound influence on modern architecture. The principles of symmetry, proportion, and order established by Greek architects continue to be employed in contemporary design, evident in neoclassical buildings that feature similar columnar elements. Modern interpretations often adapt these ancient styles for new functions while retaining their symbolic significance. This enduring legacy highlights how foundational architectural concepts can transcend time, influencing how spaces are conceived even today.

Related terms

Doric Order:

The simplest of the classical architectural orders, characterized by sturdy columns with no base and a plain capital.

Ionic Order: A classical architectural order known for its more slender columns and scroll-like volutes on the capital.

Corinthian Order:

The most ornate of the classical orders, featuring slender columns and elaborate capitals decorated with acanthus leaves.