Input Hypothesis

Definition

The Input Hypothesis is a theory of language acquisition proposed by Stephen Krashen, which suggests that language learners acquire language most effectively when they are exposed to input that is slightly above their current proficiency level, referred to as 'i+1'. This hypothesis emphasizes the importance of comprehensible input in facilitating both first language acquisition and second language learning, highlighting the role of exposure and understanding in developing language skills.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Input Hypothesis posits that language acquisition occurs when learners are exposed to language that is just beyond their current level of understanding, promoting natural progression.
2. Krashen's theory distinguishes between 'acquisition', which happens subconsciously through meaningful communication, and 'learning', which is a more formal process focused on rules and grammar.
3. The 'i+1' concept indicates that effective input should challenge learners without overwhelming them, enabling them to make connections between known and new information.
4. Research supporting the Input Hypothesis emphasizes the importance of context and interaction in language learning, suggesting that meaningful communication enhances comprehension.
5. The Input Hypothesis has implications for teaching practices, encouraging educators to provide rich, contextualized language experiences that foster natural learning environments.

Review Questions

• How does the Input Hypothesis illustrate the relationship between exposure to language input and the process of acquiring a first language?
  • The Input Hypothesis demonstrates that exposure to language input is crucial for acquiring a first language as it argues that children learn best through interactions where they hear language that is slightly beyond their current understanding. This means that as children engage with their environment and receive input marked by complexity just above their level, they naturally progress in their language skills. The hypothesis highlights how this exposure leads to subconscious learning rather than formal instruction.
• Evaluate how the Input Hypothesis aligns with other theories of language development in terms of input and interaction.
  • The Input Hypothesis aligns closely with theories like the Social Interactionist Theory, which emphasizes the role of social interaction in learning a language. Both theories recognize that meaningful communication and contextualized learning play essential roles in developing language skills. While the Input Hypothesis focuses specifically on the type of input necessary for acquisition, other theories also consider how social interactions enhance understanding and make input more comprehensible.
• Critically analyze the impact of the Input Hypothesis on modern educational practices in teaching languages.
  • The Input Hypothesis has significantly shaped modern educational practices by promoting approaches that prioritize meaningful communication over rote memorization of grammar rules. In classrooms today, this theory encourages teachers to create immersive environments rich in comprehensible input where students engage with language in context. As a result, educators are more likely to use authentic materials, facilitate conversational practice, and provide opportunities for students to encounter new vocabulary and structures organically rather than through isolated drills, ultimately fostering deeper understanding and retention.

Related terms

Comprehensible Input: Language input that is understandable to the learner, typically just beyond their current level of proficiency, allowing for gradual acquisition.

Affective Filter Hypothesis:

A theory that suggests emotional factors, such as motivation and anxiety, can influence a learner's ability to acquire a second language.

Natural Approach: A method of language teaching that emphasizes communication and comprehension over grammar and formal instruction, aligning with principles of the Input Hypothesis.