Kinetochore

Definition

The kinetochore is a protein complex located at the centromere of a chromosome. It plays a crucial role in chromosome segregation during cell division by attaching chromosomes to spindle microtubules.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Kinetochores are essential for accurate chromosome alignment and separation during mitosis and meiosis.
2. Each chromosome has two kinetochores, one on each sister chromatid.
3. Kinetochores interact with spindle fibers to ensure that chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
4. The proper functioning of kinetochores is vital for preventing aneuploidy, which can lead to genetic disorders.
5. Kinetochores also play a role in the spindle assembly checkpoint, ensuring that all chromosomes are correctly attached before cell division proceeds.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of the kinetochore during cell division?
• How many kinetochores does each chromosome have?
• Why is the proper functioning of kinetochores important for genetic stability?

Related terms

Centromere:

The region of a chromosome where the kinetochore forms and sister chromatids are held together.

Spindle Fibers: Microtubule structures that attach to kinetochores to help segregate chromosomes during cell division.

Aneuploidy: A condition resulting from an abnormal number of chromosomes due to errors in kinetochore attachment or function.