Genes

Definition

Genes are segments of DNA that carry the instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms. They determine specific traits by encoding proteins or functional RNA molecules.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Genes are located on chromosomes within the cell nucleus.
2. Each gene has a specific location called a locus.
3. Genes consist of exons (coding regions) and introns (non-coding regions).
4. Mutations in genes can lead to changes in protein function and may result in genetic disorders.
5. Humans have approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in their genome.

Review Questions

• Where are genes located within a cell?
• What is the difference between exons and introns in a gene?
• How can mutations in genes affect an organism?

Related terms

Chromosome: A structure made of DNA and protein that contains many genes.

Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

Mutation: A change in the DNA sequence that can affect genetic information.