Data

Definition

Data consists of facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observations. In statistics, data is used to draw conclusions and make decisions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Data can be classified into two main types: qualitative (categorical) and quantitative (numerical).
2. Quantitative data can be further divided into discrete data (countable) and continuous data (measurable).
3. Qualitative data describes categories or groups and can be nominal (no order) or ordinal (ordered).
4. A sample is a subset of a population from which data is collected to infer statistics about the population.
5. The collection method for data affects its reliability; common methods include surveys, experiments, observational studies, and simulations.

Review Questions

• What are the two main types of data in statistics?
• How do you differentiate between discrete and continuous quantitative data?
• Why is the method of data collection important in statistics?

Related terms

Sample:

A subset of a population selected for measurement, observation, or questioning to provide statistical information about the population.

Population:

The entire group about which information is wanted. It includes all individuals or items with the characteristic one wishes to understand.

Variable: An attribute that can take different values among subjects in a study. Variables can be dependent or independent.