Renal tubule

Definition

The renal tubule is a structure in the nephron of the kidney where filtration and absorption processes occur. It plays a crucial role in removing waste products and regulating water and electrolyte balance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The renal tubule consists of three main segments: the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule.
2. The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs approximately 65% of filtered sodium and water back into the bloodstream.
3. The loop of Henle creates a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney, which is essential for water reabsorption.
4. The distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct are influenced by hormones like aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to fine-tune electrolyte and water balance.
5. Damage or dysfunction in any part of the renal tubule can lead to significant impairments in kidney function and systemic homeostasis.

Review Questions

• What are the three main segments of the renal tubule?
• How does the loop of Henle contribute to water reabsorption?
• Which hormones influence the function of the distal convoluted tubule?

Related terms

Nephron: The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.

Glomerulus: A network of capillaries located at the beginning of a nephron that performs initial blood filtration.

Aldosterone:

A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium balance by acting on the renal tubules.