The pericardium is a double-walled sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the major blood vessels. It provides protection and reduces friction as the heart beats.
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The pericardium consists of two layers: the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium.
The fibrous pericardium is a tough, outer layer that anchors the heart to surrounding structures like the diaphragm and sternum.
The serous pericardium has two layers: the parietal layer lining the fibrous pericardium, and the visceral layer (epicardium) covering the heart surface.
Pericardial fluid, found in the pericardial cavity between these layers, lubricates to minimize friction during heart contractions.
Conditions like pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium) can impair its function and affect heart health.
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Related terms
Epicardium: The visceral layer of the serous pericardium that directly covers and protects the outer surface of the heart.
Myocardium: The thick middle muscle layer of the heart wall responsible for pumping blood through contractions.
Endocardium: The innermost layer lining the interior chambers of the heart, ensuring smooth blood flow within.