Long-term depression (LTD)

Definition

Long-term depression (LTD) is a process of synaptic weakening that occurs when the activity between neurons decreases over time. It plays a crucial role in synaptic plasticity, which is essential for learning and memory.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. LTD is often induced by low-frequency stimulation of neurons.
2. It involves the removal or internalization of AMPA receptors from the synapse.
3. LTD is thought to counterbalance long-term potentiation (LTP) to maintain synaptic homeostasis.
4. Calcium influx through NMDA receptors is essential for LTD induction.
5. Protein phosphatases, such as PP1 and calcineurin, play critical roles in mediating LTD.

Review Questions

• What type of neuronal activity typically induces LTD?
• How does LTD affect AMPA receptors at the synapse?
• Why is calcium influx important for the induction of LTD?

Related terms

Long-term potentiation (LTP):

A process of synaptic strengthening that occurs when there is high-frequency stimulation between neurons.

Synaptic plasticity:

The ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time in response to increases or decreases in their activity.

AMPA receptor:

A type of glutamate receptor that plays a key role in fast synaptic transmission and plasticity in the brain.