Long-term potentiation (LTP)

Definition

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a long-lasting enhancement in signal transmission between two neurons that results from their simultaneous activation. It is a foundational mechanism underlying learning and memory.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. LTP primarily occurs in the hippocampus, a brain region crucial for forming new memories.
2. NMDA receptors play a critical role in the induction of LTP by allowing calcium ions to enter the post-synaptic neuron.
3. LTP can be divided into early-phase (E-LTP) and late-phase (L-LTP), with E-LTP lasting minutes to hours and L-LTP lasting days to weeks.
4. The process of LTP involves both presynaptic and postsynaptic changes, including increased neurotransmitter release and receptor density.
5. LTP is considered an example of synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, in response to increases or decreases in their activity.

Review Questions

• What role do NMDA receptors play in the process of long-term potentiation?
• How does LTP contribute to learning and memory?
• What are the main differences between early-phase LTP (E-LTP) and late-phase LTP (L-LTP)?

Related terms

Synapse:

The junction between two neurons where communication occurs via neurotransmitters.

Neurotransmitter: Chemical substances released by neurons that transmit signals across a synapse.

Synaptic Plasticity: The ability of synapses to change their strength or efficiency in response to activity or experience.