Centromere

Definition

The centromere is a region of a chromosome that links sister chromatids. It plays a crucial role in chromosome segregation during cell division.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The centromere is essential for the proper alignment and separation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.
2. Kinetochores, protein structures on the centromere, attach chromosomes to spindle fibers.
3. In many species, the centromere appears as a constricted area on the chromosome.
4. Centromeres are composed of specialized DNA sequences known as alpha satellite DNA in humans.
5. A malfunctioning centromere can lead to aneuploidy, where cells have an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of the centromere during cell division?
• How do kinetochores interact with the centromere?
• What types of genetic material are found at human centromeres?

Related terms

Chromatid: One of two identical halves of a replicated chromosome.

Kinetochore:

A protein complex assembled on the centromere that attaches chromosomes to spindle fibers.

Spindle Fibers: Microtubule structures that pull chromatids apart during cell division.