Axial skeleton

Definition

The axial skeleton consists of the bones along the central axis of the human body, including the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. It serves to protect vital organs such as the brain, spinal cord, and heart.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The axial skeleton includes 80 bones in total.
2. The skull is composed of 22 bones which protect the brain and form the structure of the face.
3. The vertebral column is made up of 33 vertebrae that support the body's posture and protect the spinal cord.
4. The thoracic cage consists of 12 pairs of ribs and the sternum, which protect organs like the heart and lungs.
5. The axial skeleton works in conjunction with muscles to allow for movements such as bending and twisting.

Review Questions

• Which major structures make up the axial skeleton?
• How many bones are there in the human skull?
• What protective functions does the thoracic cage serve?

Related terms

appendicular skeleton:

Comprises all bones not included in the axial skeleton, primarily those of limbs and girdles.

vertebrae:

Individual bones that form the vertebral column or spine.

sternum:

A flat bone located in the center of the chest that connects to ribs via cartilage.