Sternum

Definition

The sternum, also known as the breastbone, is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, helping to protect vital organs such as the heart and lungs.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The sternum consists of three parts: the manubrium, body (gladiolus), and xiphoid process.
2. It articulates with the clavicles (collarbones) at its upper end via the sternoclavicular joints.
3. The sternum serves as an attachment point for several muscles, including those involved in respiration like the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
4. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), compressions are performed on the lower half of the sternum to help circulate blood.
5. Bone marrow within certain parts of the sternum can be used for diagnostic purposes through procedures like sternal puncture.

Review Questions

• What are the three main parts of the sternum?
• Which bones articulate with the sternum at its upper end?
• Why is proper placement on the sternum important during CPR?

Related terms

Ribs: Curved bones that form the rib cage and protect thoracic organs.

Clavicle: A long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and sternum.

Xiphoid Process: The small cartilaginous process at the lower end of the sternum.