America's expansion overseas

Definition

America's expansion overseas refers to the period during the late 19th and early 20th centuries when the United States sought to extend its influence and territory beyond its continental borders. This drive for overseas expansion was fueled by a combination of economic interests, national security concerns, and the belief in manifest destiny, which promoted the idea that the U.S. was destined to spread democracy and civilization across the globe.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The concept of manifest destiny played a significant role in justifying America's expansion overseas, as many Americans believed it was their duty to spread democracy and American values.
2. In addition to political motivations, economic factors such as the search for new markets and resources drove U.S. expansion into places like Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
3. The Spanish-American War marked a turning point in American foreign policy, showcasing the U.S. as an emerging global power willing to use military force to achieve its goals.
4. The acquisition of territories like Alaska from Russia in 1867 also signaled America's desire to expand its reach beyond the continental U.S., further influencing international relations.
5. The Open Door Policy established by Secretary of State John Hay aimed to ensure equal trading rights for all nations in China, reflecting America's growing interest in overseas markets and global commerce.

Review Questions

• How did the belief in manifest destiny influence America's expansion overseas during the late 19th century?
  • The belief in manifest destiny significantly influenced America's expansion overseas as it fostered a sense of obligation among Americans to spread their ideals of democracy and civilization. This ideology led to widespread support for territorial acquisitions, including those beyond the mainland U.S., such as Hawaii and Puerto Rico. It created a narrative that justified interventions in foreign lands as an extension of American values and a means of improving the lives of others.
• Discuss how economic motivations contributed to America's decision to expand its influence overseas in this era.
  • Economic motivations were critical in driving America's overseas expansion, as the country sought new markets for its growing industrial production. The late 19th century saw a surge in manufacturing capabilities, which created a need for raw materials and new consumers. Territories acquired through conflicts like the Spanish-American War opened up opportunities for trade and resource extraction, making expansion not only a political objective but also an economic necessity.
• Evaluate the implications of America's expansion overseas on its foreign policy and global standing at the turn of the 20th century.
  • America's expansion overseas reshaped its foreign policy and established it as a significant player on the global stage by the turn of the 20th century. The acquisition of territories through wars and treaties reflected a shift towards imperialism, where America engaged more directly in international affairs. This change resulted in increased tensions with other world powers, particularly in regions like Asia where competition for influence grew. The idea that America could intervene in other nations' affairs marked a departure from previous isolationist tendencies, fundamentally altering its role in world politics.

Related terms

Manifest Destiny:

The 19th-century doctrine that the expansion of the United States across the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

Imperialism:

A policy or ideology where a country extends its power and influence through diplomacy or military force to control other territories or nations.

Spanish-American War:

A conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States that resulted in U.S. intervention in Cuba and led to significant territorial gains for the U.S., including Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.