Spanish American War

Definition

The Spanish American War was a conflict fought between Spain and the United States in 1898, primarily over the issue of Cuban independence. This war marked a turning point in U.S. foreign policy, signaling the nation's emergence as a global imperial power and establishing its presence in the Caribbean and Pacific regions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The war was sparked by the explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor, which fueled public outrage and calls for intervention against Spain.
2. U.S. military action included notable battles such as the Battle of San Juan Hill, where future president Theodore Roosevelt gained fame.
3. The conflict lasted only about four months, with a decisive victory for the United States.
4. The war resulted in the U.S. acquiring several territories, marking a shift toward a more interventionist foreign policy.
5. The Spanish American War also led to debates over imperialism and the moral implications of acquiring colonies.

Review Questions

• How did the events leading up to the Spanish American War reflect U.S. public sentiment and media influence at that time?
  • Events leading up to the Spanish American War were heavily influenced by sensationalist journalism, often referred to as 'yellow journalism,' which heightened public outrage against Spain following incidents like the USS Maine explosion. This media coverage played a significant role in shaping public opinion and creating a fervent desire for intervention. The combination of humanitarian concerns for Cuban independence and nationalistic sentiment contributed to widespread support for the war among Americans.
• Discuss the consequences of the Treaty of Paris (1898) on U.S. foreign policy and its role as an emerging imperial power.
  • The Treaty of Paris (1898) had profound consequences for U.S. foreign policy by establishing the nation as an emerging imperial power with global interests. By acquiring territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, the U.S. extended its influence into both the Caribbean and Pacific regions. This shift towards imperialism marked a departure from previous isolationist policies, leading to increased involvement in international affairs and conflicts beyond North America.
• Evaluate the implications of the Spanish American War on debates surrounding imperialism within American society during this period.
  • The Spanish American War ignited significant debates about imperialism within American society, raising questions about the morality and justification of expanding U.S. territory through military force. Critics argued that imperialism contradicted America's founding principles of self-determination and liberty, while supporters believed it was a means to spread democracy and civilization. These discussions reflected broader tensions regarding race, culture, and America's identity as it transitioned from a continental nation to an overseas empire.

Related terms

Imperialism:

A policy where a country extends its power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means, often to gain control over foreign territories.

Treaty of Paris (1898):

The agreement that ended the Spanish American War, resulting in Spain ceding Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States.

Cuba Libre: The movement for Cuban independence from Spanish rule, which was a significant catalyst for the outbreak of the Spanish American War.