Perceptual grouping is the process by which our brain organizes individual elements into a coherent whole based on their similarity, proximity, and other factors. It allows us to perceive objects as distinct from their surroundings.
Proximity describes the tendency to perceive elements that are close to each other as belonging together.
Figure-ground relationship: The figure-ground relationship is another Gestalt principle where we naturally separate an object (the figure) from its surrounding background (the ground) based on contrast or prominence.