key term - Submediant

Definition

The submediant is the sixth scale degree in a diatonic scale, typically represented as 'vi' in Roman numeral analysis. It plays an essential role in establishing harmonic progression and can often serve as a pivot point between different chords, especially in major and minor keys. This degree creates unique relationships with the tonic and dominant chords, influencing the overall structure and movement within a piece of music.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In major keys, the submediant chord is typically a minor chord, while in minor keys, it is often a major chord.
2. The submediant can function as a tonic substitute, offering variety in harmonic progressions.
3. Common progressions involving the submediant include vi-ii-V-I and vi-IV-I-V, which are frequently used in popular music.
4. The relationship between the submediant and tonic chords contributes to the emotional character of a piece, often evoking feelings of introspection or longing.
5. In classical music, composers often use the submediant to create modulations to closely related keys, enhancing the overall dynamism of their works.

Review Questions

• How does the submediant function within common chord progressions, and what effect does it have on musical tension?
  • The submediant often appears in chord progressions like vi-ii-V-I, where it acts as a pre-cursor to dominant functions. By placing the submediant before the dominant, it creates a smooth transition that enhances musical tension. This leads listeners through a more extended harmonic journey before resolving back to the tonic, enriching the overall emotional impact of the piece.
• Compare and contrast the roles of the submediant in major and minor keys regarding chord quality and harmonic function.
  • In major keys, the submediant is usually a minor chord (vi), while in minor keys, it often takes on a major quality (VI). This difference affects how each functions within harmonic progressions. The minor submediant tends to create a softer contrast against the tonic, while the major submediant introduces a brighter sound that can lead to varied resolutions, thus influencing how listeners perceive tension and release.
• Evaluate the significance of the submediant in relation to modulation techniques used by composers throughout musical history.
  • The submediant plays a critical role in modulation techniques by facilitating smooth transitions between closely related keys. Composers have leveraged this relationship to create contrasting sections within their works without abrupt changes. By using the submediant as a pivot point for modulation, they enhance thematic development and maintain listener engagement through dynamic harmonic exploration, showcasing its importance across different musical styles and periods.

Related terms

Tonic:

The tonic is the first scale degree of a key, serving as the home base or resting point in tonal music.

Dominant:

The dominant is the fifth scale degree, typically represented as 'V', and plays a crucial role in creating tension that resolves back to the tonic.

Chord Progression:

A chord progression is a sequence of chords played in succession, forming the harmonic foundation for a piece of music.