Scale Degrees

Definition

Scale degrees are the individual notes in a scale, each assigned a specific number based on its position relative to the tonic or root note. These degrees are essential for understanding how chords are built, how they relate to each other in harmony, and how melodies can be constructed within a key.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Scale degrees are usually numbered from 1 to 7 in a major or minor scale, with each number representing a specific note within the scale.
2. The scale degrees also have specific names: tonic (1), supertonic (2), mediant (3), subdominant (4), dominant (5), submediant (6), and leading tone (7).
3. In Roman numeral analysis, scale degrees are represented using Roman numerals that indicate their function within a key, such as I for tonic and V for dominant.
4. Scale degrees play a critical role in identifying chord functions, allowing musicians to understand how chords progress and relate within a piece of music.
5. When discussing key relationships, understanding scale degrees helps musicians recognize how modulation affects the function and sound of chords.

Review Questions

• How do scale degrees contribute to the construction of diatonic chords?
  • Scale degrees serve as the foundation for building diatonic chords, where each chord is formed by stacking notes derived from the scale. For example, in a C major scale, the first (C), third (E), and fifth (G) scale degrees create a C major triad. By understanding which notes correspond to each scale degree, musicians can easily construct various chords and understand their functions within a given key.
• Analyze the relationship between scale degrees and functional harmony in music composition.
  • Scale degrees play a vital role in functional harmony by defining how different chords interact with one another to create musical progressions. Each chord built on a specific scale degree serves a unique function, such as establishing tension or providing resolution. For instance, the dominant chord built on the fifth scale degree leads back to the tonic chord, creating a strong sense of closure. Understanding these relationships allows composers to manipulate tension and release effectively in their music.
• Evaluate the impact of understanding scale degrees on key modulation and transitions between different keys.
  • Understanding scale degrees is crucial when modulating between keys, as it allows musicians to identify common tones and relationships that facilitate smooth transitions. For example, when moving from C major to G major, recognizing that G is the dominant (5th) degree of C helps in creating a pivot chord that eases the shift. This knowledge aids composers in crafting seamless modulations that enhance musical expression while maintaining coherence throughout their work.

Related terms

Tonic:

The first degree of a scale, serving as the home note or point of rest around which the other notes revolve.

Diatonic Chords:

Chords that are built from the notes of a particular scale, using the scale degrees to form triads or seventh chords.

Functional Harmony: A system of understanding how different chords and scale degrees interact with one another to create tension and resolution in music.