Conflict of the Orders

Definition

The Conflict of the Orders refers to the social struggle between the patricians, the elite ruling class in ancient Rome, and the plebeians, the common citizens. This ongoing conflict was significant in shaping Roman republican government and society, as it led to critical political reforms that increased plebeian rights and participation in governance. The struggle unfolded over several centuries, influencing key elements such as the creation of the office of the tribune and the Twelve Tables, marking a shift towards greater equity in Roman society.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Conflict of the Orders began around 494 BCE when plebeians refused military service, leading to their first secession to the Sacred Mount.
2. As a result of these conflicts, plebeians gained significant political representation, including the establishment of the office of the tribune in 494 BCE.
3. The Twelve Tables, created around 450 BCE, were a crucial outcome of this conflict, providing written laws that protected plebeian rights.
4. Over time, various laws were enacted that allowed plebeians to hold high political offices, culminating in their eventual access to the consulship by 367 BCE.
5. The resolution of many issues related to the Conflict of the Orders contributed to a more balanced power structure within Roman government, ultimately leading to a more inclusive republic.

Review Questions

• How did the Conflict of the Orders impact the political landscape of early Rome?
  • The Conflict of the Orders significantly transformed early Roman politics by empowering plebeians and leading to crucial reforms that altered governance. The plebeians' persistent efforts resulted in gaining political representation through tribunes and legal protections with the Twelve Tables. This gradual shift helped move Rome towards a more balanced system where both patricians and plebeians could influence decision-making.
• In what ways did the creation of the tribune's office address plebeian grievances during the Conflict of the Orders?
  • The establishment of the tribune's office was a direct response to plebeian grievances during the Conflict of the Orders. It provided plebeians with a political voice and a mechanism to challenge patrician decisions. Tribunes could veto legislation that they deemed harmful to plebeians and had inviolable status, ensuring their safety while advocating for common people's rights. This role was essential for increasing plebeian influence in governance.
• Evaluate how the changes brought about by the Conflict of the Orders set a precedent for future political struggles in Rome.
  • The changes from the Conflict of the Orders established a framework for future political struggles in Rome by demonstrating how persistent advocacy could lead to meaningful reforms. The successful integration of plebeians into governmental roles and legal systems paved the way for later challenges against centralized power. These developments highlighted that social mobility and representation could be achieved through organized effort and negotiation, setting a powerful precedent for future movements within Roman society.

Related terms

Patricians:

The aristocratic class in ancient Rome, holding most of the political power and privileges during the early Republic.

Plebeians:

The common people of ancient Rome, who were originally excluded from political power and sought greater rights through the Conflict of the Orders.

Tribune:

An elected official in ancient Rome who represented the interests of the plebeians and had the power to veto decisions made by the Senate.