Things Fall Apart

Definition

Things Fall Apart is a novel written by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, published in 1958. The story is set in pre-colonial Nigeria and focuses on the life of Okonkwo, a respected leader and warrior in the Igbo community, whose life begins to unravel due to the arrival of British colonialism and Christian missionaries. This novel is often celebrated for its profound exploration of cultural identity, colonial impact, and the struggles between tradition and change.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Things Fall Apart is often regarded as one of the first African novels written in English that gained international acclaim, helping to reshape perceptions of African literature.
2. Achebe uses proverbs and traditional storytelling techniques throughout the novel to highlight Igbo culture and values.
3. The title 'Things Fall Apart' symbolizes the disintegration of Igbo society and traditions in response to colonial pressures.
4. Okonkwo's tragic flaw is his fear of being perceived as weak, which ultimately leads to his downfall and reflects larger themes of masculinity and societal expectations.
5. The novel presents contrasting perspectives on change, with characters representing both adherence to tradition and adaptation to new realities introduced by colonialism.

Review Questions

• How does Achebe use the character of Okonkwo to illustrate the effects of colonialism on traditional societies?
  • Okonkwo serves as a symbol of traditional Igbo values and masculinity, but his inability to adapt to the changes brought by colonialism leads to his tragic downfall. Achebe highlights how Okonkwo's rigid adherence to traditional norms prevents him from accepting the new realities introduced by British rule. Through Okonkwo's struggles, Achebe illustrates the broader impact of colonialism on individual identities and societal structures.
• Discuss how proverbs and storytelling contribute to the themes of cultural identity and resistance in Things Fall Apart.
  • Proverbs are woven throughout the narrative, serving as expressions of Igbo wisdom and cultural values. They enrich the text with layers of meaning and help to maintain cultural continuity amid external pressures. The use of traditional storytelling techniques not only honors Igbo heritage but also emphasizes the characters' resistance to colonial influences, highlighting their desire to preserve their cultural identity even as it faces threats from outside forces.
• Evaluate the significance of gender roles in Things Fall Apart and how they reflect broader societal changes during colonial contact.
  • Gender roles play a crucial part in the narrative, with men expected to embody strength and authority while women are often relegated to subordinate positions. However, as colonial forces disrupt traditional structures, these roles become increasingly challenged. Achebe explores how characters like Ekwefi and Nwoye’s mother display resilience and agency despite patriarchal constraints. The evolving dynamics highlight not only the personal conflicts experienced by characters but also reflect larger societal shifts due to colonial interactions.

Related terms

Igbo:

A major ethnic group in Nigeria, known for their rich cultural traditions and social structures, which are prominently depicted in Achebe's novel.

Colonialism:

The practice of acquiring political control over another country, often involving the exploitation of resources and imposition of foreign governance, as depicted in the struggles of the characters in the novel.

Cultural Identity: The sense of belonging to a particular culture, which is a central theme in the novel as characters navigate the challenges posed by colonial influences.