Types of Plot Structures to Know for Craft of Film Writing

Understanding different plot structures is essential in film writing. These frameworks guide storytelling, shape character arcs, and enhance emotional impact. From the classic Three-Act Structure to unique forms like Kishōtenketsu, each offers tools for crafting compelling narratives.

1. Three-Act Structure

   • Divides the narrative into three parts: Setup, Confrontation, and Resolution.
   • Establishes characters and conflicts in the first act, builds tension in the second, and resolves the story in the third.
   • Provides a clear arc that guides the audience through the emotional journey of the characters.

2. Hero's Journey

   • A narrative framework that follows a hero who goes on an adventure, faces a crisis, and returns transformed.
   • Includes stages such as the Call to Adventure, Crossing the Threshold, and Return with the Elixir.
   • Emphasizes character development and the universal themes of growth and self-discovery.

3. Five-Act Structure

   • Expands on the Three-Act Structure by adding two additional acts: Rising Action and Falling Action.
   • Allows for more complexity in character arcs and plot development.
   • Often used in classical plays and modern screenwriting to create a more detailed narrative progression.

4. Seven-Point Story Structure

   • Outlines seven key plot points: Hook, Plot Point 1, Pinch Point 1, Midpoint, Pinch Point 2, Plot Point 2, and Resolution.
   • Focuses on the progression of conflict and character motivation throughout the story.
   • Helps writers maintain pacing and ensure that each plot point serves a purpose in the overall narrative.

5. Freytag's Pyramid

   • A visual representation of dramatic structure that includes Exposition, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action, and Denouement.
   • Highlights the importance of tension and conflict leading to a peak moment in the story.
   • Useful for analyzing traditional narratives and understanding how tension is built and resolved.

6. Kishōtenketsu

   • A four-part structure originating from Japanese storytelling: Introduction, Development, Twist, and Conclusion.
   • Focuses on the development of themes and ideas rather than conflict-driven plots.
   • Encourages a more subtle approach to storytelling, allowing for unexpected turns and resolutions.

7. In Medias Res

   • Begins the narrative in the middle of the action, often with a dramatic event.
   • Engages the audience immediately and creates intrigue about the backstory.
   • Requires careful handling of exposition to fill in the gaps without losing momentum.

8. Nonlinear Narrative

   • Tells the story out of chronological order, using flashbacks, flash-forwards, or fragmented timelines.
   • Challenges traditional storytelling by creating a more complex narrative structure.
   • Allows for thematic exploration and character depth through varied perspectives and timeframes.

9. Parallel Plot

   • Features two or more storylines that run concurrently and often intersect at key moments.
   • Highlights thematic connections and contrasts between different characters or situations.
   • Enhances the richness of the narrative by providing multiple viewpoints and experiences.

10. Frame Narrative

    • A story within a story, where an outer narrative sets the stage for an inner narrative.
    • Provides context and perspective, often revealing the motivations of the storyteller.
    • Can create layers of meaning and enhance the emotional impact of the inner story.