Important International Organizations to Know for AP World History: Modern

International organizations play a crucial role in shaping global relations and addressing pressing issues. From promoting peace and security to tackling economic challenges and human rights, these entities influence modern history and foster international cooperation across various sectors.

1. United Nations (UN)

   • Established in 1945 to promote international cooperation and maintain peace and security.
   • Comprises 193 member states and addresses global issues such as human rights, development, and humanitarian aid.
   • Operates through various specialized agencies, including UNICEF and UNESCO, to tackle specific global challenges.

2. World Trade Organization (WTO)

   • Founded in 1995 to regulate international trade and ensure trade flows as smoothly and predictably as possible.
   • Provides a forum for trade negotiations and dispute resolution among member countries.
   • Aims to reduce trade barriers and promote fair competition in the global market.

3. International Monetary Fund (IMF)

   • Established in 1944 to promote global monetary cooperation and financial stability.
   • Provides financial assistance and advice to member countries facing economic difficulties.
   • Monitors global economic trends and offers policy advice to foster sustainable economic growth.

4. World Bank

   • Comprises two institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA).
   • Focuses on reducing poverty and promoting sustainable development through financial and technical assistance.
   • Funds projects in developing countries to improve infrastructure, education, and health.

5. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

   • Formed in 1949 as a military alliance for collective defense among member countries.
   • Committed to mutual defense in response to an attack against any member state.
   • Plays a significant role in crisis management and cooperative security efforts globally.

6. European Union (EU)

   • A political and economic union of 27 European countries established to promote integration and cooperation.
   • Facilitates free movement of goods, services, people, and capital among member states.
   • Implements common policies on trade, agriculture, and regional development.

7. World Health Organization (WHO)

   • Established in 1948 as a specialized agency of the UN focused on global health issues.
   • Coordinates international health responses, sets health standards, and provides technical assistance to countries.
   • Plays a crucial role in combating pandemics and improving health systems worldwide.

8. Amnesty International

   • Founded in 1961 as a non-governmental organization focused on human rights advocacy.
   • Works to protect individuals from human rights abuses and promote justice and accountability.
   • Conducts research and campaigns to raise awareness of human rights violations globally.

9. Red Cross/Red Crescent

   • Founded in 1863, it provides humanitarian aid and emergency assistance during crises and disasters.
   • Operates globally, focusing on disaster relief, health services, and support for vulnerable populations.
   • Advocates for the protection of human dignity and adherence to international humanitarian law.

10. Greenpeace

    • Established in 1971 as an environmental organization advocating for ecological sustainability and peace.
    • Conducts campaigns to address climate change, deforestation, overfishing, and pollution.
    • Engages in direct action, lobbying, and public awareness efforts to influence environmental policy.