New Kingdom

Definition

The New Kingdom refers to the period in ancient Egyptian history from approximately 1550 to 1070 BCE, marking the height of Egyptian power and prosperity. This era is characterized by territorial expansion, monumental architecture, and significant cultural achievements, establishing Egypt as a dominant force in the ancient world.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The New Kingdom saw the construction of famous temples such as Karnak and Luxor, showcasing Egypt's architectural prowess.
2. This period is marked by military campaigns led by powerful pharaohs like Thutmose III, which expanded Egypt's territory into parts of Asia and Nubia.
3. The New Kingdom is known for its wealth generated from trade, agriculture, and tribute from conquered regions, which supported a flourishing economy.
4. Significant advancements in art and culture occurred during this time, including the development of detailed tomb paintings that reflected daily life and religious beliefs.
5. The decline of the New Kingdom began with internal strife and external pressures from neighboring powers, leading to a gradual loss of territorial control and influence.

Review Questions

• How did the military campaigns during the New Kingdom influence Egypt's power and territorial expansion?
  • The military campaigns during the New Kingdom significantly enhanced Egypt's power and territorial expansion. Pharaohs like Thutmose III led successful conquests that extended Egyptian rule into regions such as Nubia and parts of Asia. These victories not only increased Egypt's land but also brought wealth through tributes and access to valuable resources, solidifying Egypt's status as a dominant power in the ancient world.
• Analyze how significant rulers like Hatshepsut contributed to cultural and economic prosperity during the New Kingdom.
  • Rulers like Hatshepsut played a crucial role in enhancing cultural and economic prosperity during the New Kingdom through ambitious building projects and trade expeditions. Hatshepsut's reign is noted for monumental architecture, including her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari, which not only showcased artistic achievements but also reflected her strong leadership. Additionally, her trade missions to places like Punt expanded Egypt's wealth and resources, further establishing its influence in the region.
• Evaluate the factors that led to the decline of the New Kingdom and its impact on ancient Egyptian civilization.
  • The decline of the New Kingdom resulted from a combination of internal strife, weakened leadership, and external pressures from neighboring powers. The later pharaohs struggled to maintain control over vast territories as rebellions grew within and invasions occurred from outside forces like the Sea Peoples. This decline not only reduced Egypt's territorial holdings but also marked a significant shift in its political structure, leading to fragmentation and paving the way for foreign domination by entities such as the Assyrians and Persians.

Related terms

Pharaoh: The title of the monarchs of ancient Egypt, considered both a political and religious leader, embodying the state's power and the divine connection to the gods.

Hatshepsut: One of the few female pharaohs who ruled during the New Kingdom, known for her extensive building projects and trade expeditions that boosted Egypt's economy.

Akhenaten: A pharaoh of the New Kingdom who is famous for attempting to shift Egyptian polytheism to monotheism by promoting the worship of Aten, the sun disk.