Doric

Definition

Doric refers to one of the classical orders of ancient Greek architecture, characterized by its sturdy, simple columns and a lack of elaborate decoration. This architectural style is known for its strength and functionality, reflecting the values of the early Greek society that favored practicality over ornamentation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Doric order is the oldest of the three classical orders of ancient Greek architecture, emerging around the 7th century BCE.
2. Doric columns are typically fluted with 20 concave grooves and have a simple capital, making them easily recognizable.
3. The height of Doric columns is usually four to eight times their diameter, which contributes to their sturdy appearance.
4. Doric temples often featured an entablature with a frieze that alternated between plain sections and triglyphs (three vertical grooves) with metopes (plain panels) in between.
5. The Parthenon, one of the most iconic examples of Doric architecture, was built in Athens during the 5th century BCE and dedicated to the goddess Athena.

Review Questions

• Compare and contrast Doric columns with Ionic and Corinthian columns in terms of design and cultural significance.
  • Doric columns are characterized by their sturdy, simple design, often seen as a reflection of the strength and practicality valued by early Greek society. In contrast, Ionic columns are more slender and feature decorative scroll-like capitals, while Corinthian columns are the most ornate, with elaborate acanthus-leaf designs. Each order reflects different cultural values; Doric emphasizes strength and simplicity, Ionic adds elegance and refinement, and Corinthian showcases opulence and artistic detail.
• Discuss the architectural features of the Parthenon and how they embody the principles of Doric design.
  • The Parthenon is a prime example of Doric architecture, showcasing its characteristic sturdy columns and simplicity. The temple features 46 outer Doric columns that rise to a height that is about six times their diameter. The frieze includes triglyphs and metopes that exemplify the Doric preference for clear lines and balanced proportions. The Parthenon's design not only reflects Doric principles but also serves as a symbol of Athenian democracy and cultural achievement.
• Evaluate the impact of Doric architecture on later architectural styles and movements throughout history.
  • Doric architecture has had a lasting influence on various architectural styles beyond ancient Greece. During the Renaissance, architects sought inspiration from classical forms, including Doric elements, which led to a revival of interest in symmetry and proportion. This can be seen in structures such as the Capitol Building in Washington D.C., which incorporates Doric-style columns. Additionally, Neoclassical architecture in the 18th and 19th centuries drew heavily from Greek styles, solidifying the Doric order's legacy as a symbol of strength and democracy in Western architectural history.

Related terms

Ionic:

Ionic is another classical order of Greek architecture, noted for its more slender, elegantly decorated columns that feature scroll-like capitals.

Corinthian:

Corinthian is the most ornate of the classical orders, distinguished by its tall, slender columns and elaborate acanthus-leaf capitals.

Acropolis:

The Acropolis is a significant ancient citadel located on a high rocky outcrop above Athens, home to several important Doric temples, including the Parthenon.