key term - Ferrel Cell

Definition

The Ferrel cell is a critical component of Earth's atmospheric circulation, situated between the Hadley cell and the Polar cell. This mid-latitude cell plays a significant role in influencing weather patterns and climate in temperate regions by facilitating the movement of air masses and driving prevailing westerly winds.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Ferrel cell operates roughly between 30 to 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres, contributing to the temperate climate zones.
2. It is characterized by rising air around 60 degrees latitude, which cools and descends, creating a cycle of circulation.
3. The prevailing westerlies are primarily driven by the dynamics of the Ferrel cell, affecting storm paths and weather systems across continents.
4. During winter months, the Ferrel cell can strengthen, leading to more pronounced westerly winds and increased storm activity in mid-latitude regions.
5. The interaction between the Ferrel cell and other atmospheric cells contributes to phenomena such as El Niño and La Niña, affecting global weather patterns.

Review Questions

• How does the Ferrel cell interact with the Hadley and Polar cells to influence global weather patterns?
  • The Ferrel cell acts as a bridge between the Hadley cell to its south and the Polar cell to its north. This interaction creates a dynamic exchange of air masses that significantly influences weather patterns in mid-latitudes. The ascending air in the Ferrel cell leads to lower pressure systems that interact with high-pressure systems from both neighboring cells, resulting in varied weather phenomena such as storms and fronts.
• What role do jet streams play in the functioning of the Ferrel cell and how do they affect weather in temperate regions?
  • Jet streams are high-altitude winds that are closely tied to the temperature differences created by the Ferrel cell's circulation. The positioning and strength of these jet streams are influenced by the dynamics of the Ferrel cell, leading to changes in weather patterns. For instance, a strong polar jet stream can enhance storm tracks across temperate regions, while shifts in the jet stream can lead to prolonged periods of specific weather conditions such as droughts or heavy rainfall.
• Evaluate how changes in the Ferrel cell due to climate change might impact global weather patterns and ecosystems.
  • Climate change could lead to alterations in the strength and position of the Ferrel cell, potentially causing shifts in prevailing winds and precipitation patterns. These changes might result in more extreme weather events in temperate regions, including increased storm intensity or longer dry spells. Additionally, ecosystems dependent on specific weather patterns may face disruptions, leading to biodiversity loss and challenges for agriculture as traditional growing conditions shift dramatically.

Related terms

Hadley Cell:

A tropical atmospheric circulation cell that exists between the equator and approximately 30 degrees latitude, characterized by rising warm air near the equator and descending cool air at higher latitudes.

Polar Cell: A circulation cell located at the poles, where cold air sinks and moves toward lower latitudes, influencing weather patterns in polar regions.

Jet Stream: Fast flowing air currents found in the upper atmosphere, which are influenced by the temperature differences between the Ferrel cell and surrounding cells, impacting weather systems.