Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN)

Definition

A low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) is a type of wireless communication network designed to connect devices over long distances while consuming minimal power. This makes LPWANs especially useful for applications involving sensors and devices that require extended battery life, such as in remote monitoring and IoT (Internet of Things) scenarios. LPWAN technology is essential for efficient communication in challenging environments, including underwater and underground sensor networks, where conventional networks may struggle due to physical barriers and limited power sources.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. LPWAN technology allows devices to communicate over distances of up to 10 kilometers or more, depending on environmental conditions.
2. These networks typically support low data rates, which helps conserve battery life and extend the operational lifespan of connected devices.
3. LPWANs can operate effectively in challenging environments, such as underwater or underground, where traditional wireless signals may be weak or blocked.
4. The use of LPWAN in sensor networks enables real-time monitoring of various parameters, including temperature, humidity, and pressure in hard-to-reach areas.
5. Several protocols exist within the LPWAN category, with LoRaWAN and Sigfox being among the most widely adopted for various applications.

Review Questions

• How do low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN) enhance communication capabilities in underwater and underground sensor networks?
  • LPWANs enhance communication capabilities in underwater and underground sensor networks by providing long-range connectivity while using minimal power. This is crucial for sensors deployed in these challenging environments where traditional wireless networks may not function effectively due to obstacles like water or soil. The ability to transmit small amounts of data over significant distances ensures that critical information can be relayed without draining battery resources quickly.
• Discuss the advantages of using LPWAN technology for environmental monitoring in remote locations.
  • Using LPWAN technology for environmental monitoring in remote locations offers several advantages. First, it allows for extensive coverage over large areas without needing significant infrastructure investment. Second, its low power requirements enable sensors to operate on batteries for years, minimizing maintenance efforts. Lastly, the capability to transmit small data packets makes it well-suited for applications that need periodic updates rather than continuous data streams.
• Evaluate the impact of LPWAN on the development of smart city initiatives and how it can improve infrastructure management.
  • The impact of LPWAN on smart city initiatives is substantial as it provides a reliable and cost-effective way to connect numerous sensors and devices across urban environments. By enabling real-time data collection and analysis from various infrastructure elements—such as streetlights, waste bins, and traffic signals—LPWAN facilitates better resource management and operational efficiency. This leads to enhanced public services and sustainability efforts while ensuring that city planners can make data-driven decisions to address urban challenges effectively.

Related terms

Internet of Things (IoT):

A system of interrelated devices that communicate with each other over the internet, often utilizing low-power communication protocols.

Sigfox: A specific LPWAN technology that provides a global network for connecting low-power devices, optimized for small amounts of data transfer.

LoRaWAN:

A popular LPWAN protocol designed for low-power, long-range communication, often used in applications like smart agriculture and environmental monitoring.