Parliament

Definition

Parliament is a legislative body in the United Kingdom and other countries that plays a crucial role in the governance and law-making processes. It emerged as a means for monarchs to consult with nobles and representatives, thus facilitating the establishment of a more centralized form of governance. Over time, it became a vital institution for representing the interests of various social classes and providing a platform for political discourse, particularly during times of conflict and transition.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Parliament began to take shape in England during the 13th century as an advisory council for the monarchy, eventually evolving into a legislative body with significant power.
2. The English Civil War (1642-1651) highlighted the struggle between Parliament and the monarchy, leading to greater parliamentary authority and the establishment of constitutional principles.
3. Parliament is bicameral, consisting of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords, each with distinct roles in the legislative process.
4. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 further established Parliament's supremacy over the monarchy, paving the way for modern democratic governance in Britain.
5. Throughout history, Parliament has played a central role in enacting social reforms, such as expanding suffrage and addressing issues like labor rights and education.

Review Questions

• How did Parliament evolve from an advisory council to a significant legislative body in England?
  • Parliament's evolution began as an advisory council to the monarch, primarily composed of nobles who were called upon to discuss matters of governance. Over time, especially during events like the English Civil War, its role shifted as it gained power through legislation and representation. The struggle for authority between Parliament and the monarchy ultimately led to a more democratic system where Parliament held significant sway over laws and policies.
• In what ways did the English Civil War influence the power dynamics between Parliament and the monarchy?
  • The English Civil War marked a critical turning point in the relationship between Parliament and the monarchy. During this conflict, Parliament asserted its authority against King Charles I, leading to the execution of the king and a brief period of republican rule under Oliver Cromwell. The war demonstrated that Parliament could challenge royal power, ultimately leading to reforms that established Parliamentary supremacy, laying the groundwork for modern democratic governance.
• Evaluate how the establishment of parliamentary democracy in England has influenced modern governance systems worldwide.
  • The establishment of parliamentary democracy in England has profoundly impacted governance systems globally by providing a model for representative government. The principles of accountability, rule of law, and separation of powers have inspired various countries to adopt similar frameworks. As nations sought to balance power between rulers and citizens, many integrated parliamentary systems that emphasize collective decision-making and public representation, promoting democratic ideals worldwide.

Related terms

Magna Carta:

A landmark document signed in 1215 that limited the powers of the king and laid the foundation for the establishment of parliamentary democracy by asserting certain legal rights.

House of Commons: The lower house of Parliament in the UK, consisting of elected representatives who play a key role in creating laws and influencing government policy.

Constitutional Monarchy: A form of government in which a monarch shares power with a constitutionally organized government, often involving a parliamentary system that limits royal authority.