Islamic Fundamentalism

Definition

Islamic fundamentalism refers to a movement within Islam that seeks to return to the perceived original principles and practices of the religion, emphasizing strict adherence to Islamic law (Sharia) and a rejection of modern interpretations. This movement often emerges in response to social, political, and economic challenges, advocating for a governance system that aligns closely with religious tenets.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Islamic fundamentalism has gained prominence in various countries as a reaction against Western influence and globalization.
2. This movement often involves political activism, with many fundamentalist groups seeking to implement Sharia law as a basis for governance.
3. While some individuals may associate Islamic fundamentalism with violence, many adherents seek reform through peaceful means within their communities.
4. Fundamentalist movements can vary widely in their beliefs and practices, ranging from peaceful advocacy to militant extremism.
5. Countries such as Iran and Afghanistan have experienced significant political changes due to the rise of Islamic fundamentalist ideologies.

Review Questions

• How does Islamic fundamentalism relate to the broader issues of governance in Muslim-majority countries?
  • Islamic fundamentalism impacts governance in Muslim-majority countries by advocating for a system based on Sharia law, which can conflict with secular or democratic frameworks. Fundamentalist groups often argue for the implementation of religious laws in public policy and societal norms, challenging existing governmental structures. This creates tension between modern state systems and traditional religious values, leading to debates about identity and authority in these societies.
• Discuss the reasons behind the rise of Islamic fundamentalism in response to globalization and Western influences.
  • The rise of Islamic fundamentalism is often seen as a backlash against globalization and Western cultural influence, which some believe undermine Islamic values and identity. Economic disparities, political disenfranchisement, and social changes brought by globalization can lead individuals and groups to seek refuge in fundamentalist ideologies as a way to reclaim their religious identity. These movements often present themselves as defenders of Islam against perceived external threats, fostering a sense of unity among followers.
• Evaluate the implications of Islamic fundamentalism for international relations and global security.
  • Islamic fundamentalism poses significant implications for international relations and global security, as it can lead to heightened tensions between Western nations and Muslim-majority countries. The emergence of extremist groups associated with fundamentalist ideologies has resulted in increased military interventions, counter-terrorism measures, and strained diplomatic relations. Understanding the motivations behind these movements is crucial for developing effective policies that address underlying grievances without exacerbating conflict.

Related terms

Sharia:

Islamic law derived from the Quran and Hadith, governing various aspects of life, including morality, family, and criminal justice.

Salafism:

A conservative branch of Sunni Islam that advocates for a return to the practices of the earliest Muslims, often associated with Islamic fundamentalist ideologies.

Jihadism: A radical interpretation of jihad that calls for violent struggle against perceived enemies of Islam, often linked with terrorist groups.